Crack found in newly formed lava lands on Big Island raise concerns among state officials

A large crack discovered in the 2018 Kīlauea volcano lava flows in Puna may indicate a sign of imminent collapse.

The lava flow, also known as a lava delta, in Kapoho, demonstrates the instability of the newly created land, according to a press release from the Department of Land and Natural Resources. State officials are advising the public to be cautious when visiting the coastal area.

The warning includes, but is not limited to, the communities of Kapoho, Pohoiki, Malama and Kalapana.

“The safety of our residents and visitors is our top priority, and we must emphasize that these newly created lands are not safe to traverse,” said DLNR Chair Dawn Chang. “The land is still settling and is unpredictable.”

Lava deltas are landforms built as hot lava enters and is cooled by the ocean, according to DLNR officials.

“Deltas extend the island shoreline, but the terrain can be deceptive,” the release states. “Thin layers of molten rock appear as solid ground, but the new landforms are dynamic and inherently unstable. Vegetation may also conceal deep fissures and cracks.”

There is little documentation as to the construction and subsequent destruction of this natural phenomenon, adding to its unpredictability. The U.S. Geological Survey notes that a collapsing delta can trigger explosive activity, hurling rocks and debris hundreds of yards inland and/or seaward.

“The report of the crack at Kapoho is a stark reminder that even years after eruption, areas in the lava flow hazard zones are active and can be dangerous. Please exercise caution and remain alert when visiting these coastal areas,” Chang said.