Senate Passes Legislation to Improve Criminal Justice System

The U.S. Senate passed sweeping legislation to improve the criminal justice system, including a bipartisan measure authored by U.S. Sen. Brian Schatz on Tuesday, Dec. 18, 2018. The Granting Release and Compassion Effectively (GRACE) Act improves the Bureau of Prisons’ approval process for compassionate release.

“Too many people who are eligible for compassionate release die in prison because the decision takes so long. And many others wait for months just to get a response,” said Sen. Schatz. “Clearly, the system is broken. Our legislation, which is now one step closer to becoming law, will create clear guidelines in the approval process so that we have more accountability in the system and the sick and elderly who qualify for compassionate release get it.”

In a 2013 report, the Department of Justice’s Office of Inspector General reviewed the Bureau’s use of compassionate release and found that it did not have clear standards or a formal timeline standard when making its compassionate release decisions. Sen. Schatz led a bipartisan group of senators in calling on the Bureau to review and explain its plans to follow the Inspector General’s recommendations. In response, the Bureau reported that since 2014, 81 people have died while their requests were under review. On average, it takes the Bureau more than four months to approve compassionate release applications and nearly six and a half months for denials.

Authorized under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, which also eliminated parole for federal prisoners, compassionate release gives people incarcerated in federal prisons an opportunity to appeal for early release for “extraordinary and compelling” reasons, including advanced age and terminal illness.

The GRACE Act will improve the Bureau’s approval process for compassionate release petitions by:

• Allowing an individual to petition to a federal court if they fully exhaust all administrative rights to appeal, or if the Bureau fails to bring a motion within 30 days;
• Setting up an expedited process for terminal illness cases;
• Allowing prisoners’ attorneys or families to file on their behalf;
• Requiring the Bureau to include compassionate release in their staff training and prison handbooks; and
• Creating a reporting requirement for the Bureau.

People released under compassionate release have a 3.5% recidivism rate, the lowest rate among all those formerly incarcerated. Additionally, incarcerated individuals 50 years and older have a 15% re-arrest rate, compared to a 41% re-arrest rate for the general federal prison population.

Federal prisons house an increasingly large number of aging individuals who often have serious medical conditions, making medical care one of the biggest expenses of the federal prison system. The elderly are now the fastest growing population in federal prisons and are expected to represent 28% of the total population by 2019. Incarceration costs for the elderly and terminally ill in prisons are substantially greater than for the general population.

In addition to Schatz, the bill is cosponsored by U.S. Senators Mike Lee (R-Utah), Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.), Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.), Ed Markey (D-Mass.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Dick Durbin (D-Ill.), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), and Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.).

“There is no public safety benefit to keeping very sick and elderly individuals locked up in federal prison,” said Kevin Ring, president of FAMM. “We should not waste finite anti-crime resources on those who pose the least risk of re-offending. We thank Senator Schatz for his leadership.”

“We have heard horror stories about the existing compassionate release process and applaud the inclusion of the GRACE Act in the final text of the First Step Act,” said Jessica Jackson, co-founder of #cut50. “Advocates who know the first-hand experiences of people in prison and their family members truly understand how transformative this provision is. We are deeply appreciative of Senator Schatz’s relentless commitment to addressing the many broken aspects of our criminal justice system and improving the lives of people entrapped in it.”

The GRACE Act has been endorsed by FAMM, the Human Rights Watch, and the Drug Policy Alliance. The bill now heads to the House of Representatives, where it is expected to pass, and then goes to President Trump, who has said he plans on signing it into law.